Marriage: Simplicity in Islam, a Fundamental Value

Marriage in Islam is characterized by its simplicity and clear focus on principles of ease and harmony. Far from extravagant ceremonies, Islamic practice emphasizes essential spiritual and social values. However, while simplicity is a core principle, specific rules and practices must be observed to ensure the marriage's validity and compliance with religious precepts.

Verifying Validity Conditions

Before anything else, it is crucial to ensure no legal or religious barriers could invalidate the marriage. This includes verifying close family ties, as marriage between certain relatives is strictly forbidden in Islam. Additionally, if either party was breastfed by the same nursemaid, this constitutes an impediment. These simple yet essential checks respect the rules established by Sharia.

Simplicity in Dress and Organization

Unlike certain cultures where weddings involve specific and elaborate dress codes, Muslim marriages do not prescribe particular attire. Future spouses and guests are simply encouraged to dress modestly and respectfully, reflecting the humility and piety that should guide this union.

The Role of the Guardian and Consent

A key aspect of marriage in Islam is the guardian (wali) of the bride. The woman provides her consent to a family member, often her father or a close male relative, who represents her during the religious ceremony. This representation does not diminish her control, as her consent is mandatory. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) clearly stated: “No marriage without a guardian and two witnesses.” During the ceremony, the imam recites a sermon (khutbah) and then asks the guardian if the bride has given her consent. Upon receiving confirmation, the imam seeks the groom’s agreement. This verbal consent from both parties seals the union, emphasizing transparency and mutual agreement.

The Dowry: A Reasonable and Accessible Amount

The dowry (mahr) is an inalienable right of the bride in Islam. It symbolizes the groom’s commitment to his wife and serves as a form of financial security for her. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recommended setting an affordable amount to ensure marriage remains accessible. The dowry is not a commercial transaction but an act of respect and consideration for the bride.

Witnesses and Public Declaration

The presence of two Muslim witnesses who are mature and trustworthy is mandatory during the marriage contract's conclusion. This requirement ensures transparency and removes any doubts about the union's legitimacy. Additionally, according to the Prophet’s words, “Announce the marriage,” it is essential to make the union public to avoid any suspicion or misunderstanding within the community.

Post-Wedding Meal: A Recommended Tradition

After the ceremony, it is recommended, based on the couple’s financial means, to organize a celebratory meal (walima). This meal symbolizes the union’s celebration and allows family and friends to share in the joy. It is a strongly encouraged act in Islam, reflecting the values of generosity and fraternity.

The Bride’s Choice: A Sacred Freedom

In Islam, no one has the right to impose a marriage on a woman. Her father or mother may offer advice, but the final decision rests solely with the bride. This fundamental principle underscores the autonomy and dignity granted to women in the context of marriage.

Conditions for the Guardian

The guardian must meet certain essential criteria: he must be a Muslim man, of sound mind, an adult, free, and just. His role is to protect the bride’s interests, ensuring her union aligns with Islamic law and her wishes.

Monogamy and Polygamy: The Rules in Islam

The norm in Islam is monogamy. However, polygamy is permitted under strict conditions, such as the man’s ability to treat all his wives fairly. This practice, though legal, is never imposed on a Muslim woman. If she refuses to accept polygamy or feels her well-being is compromised, she has the right to request a divorce.

A Union Anchored in Islamic Values

Islamic marriage, through its simplicity and adherence to principles of equity and respect, aims to establish a lasting and harmonious union. By reducing material demands and placing mutual consent at the heart of the union, Islam promotes a vision of marriage rooted in spirituality and social solidarity. In a world where wedding ceremonies are becoming increasingly elaborate and costly, Islamic marriage serves as a reminder that the essence lies in mutual commitment, responsibility, and respect for each other’s rights. By embracing these principles, Muslim couples can build a solid foundation for their life together while staying true to their faith’s teachings.